Ownership And Funding

Ownership Concepts:

Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) - This means that the channel broadcasts programmes for the viewers rather than for profits. They cover everything from news coverage, arts programmes and religious broadcasts. An example of this is the BBC TV and radio services.

Commercial Broadcasting - These are privately owned channels that make money through advertising instead of being funded by the government. An example is ITV.

Corporate and Private Ownership - This a channel that is owned by private businesses. They buy into the channel and the channel plays what the paying company wants i.e the sponsors' adverts. An example of this is Channel 4. 

Global Companies - This is a company that operates on a global scale throughout the world. An example of this is Disney Channel. 

Vertical Integration (owning stuff in different sectors) - This is when a business expands into areas on the same production path. For example when a manufacturer owns its supplier and/or distributor. Vertical integration helps companies reduce costs and improve efficiency by lowering transportation costs and turnaround time. An example of this is Warner Bros.

Horizontal Integration / Monopolisation - This is where a merger between two companies in the same industry working at the same stage of production. An example of this is the film Casino Royale. This is because it was made by Sony, owned by Columbia Pictures but other companies such as MGM helped with production. 

Funding Types:

The Licence Fee - Is an amount of money being paid by an individual or business for performing a certain service or engaging in a certain line of business. An example of this is the BBC. TV owners pay a licence fee for their services and programmes.  

Subscription - This is when you pay a monthly fee towards a service. An example of this is Netflix. You pay monthly to be able to watch any of their films on their website. You can also pay more for the HD option. 

One-off payment to own products - This is when you pay once for a film. An example of this is SKY movies. You pay once for the movie and that's it. 

Pay for view  - This is when you have to pay to watch a certain programme channel. An example of this is Sky Sports. This is because you have to pay for each channel separately or pay for all of them at the same time. 

Sponsorship - This is when you pay frequently towards a person or business to become a sponsor. An example of this is Aunt Bessie's sponsoring I'm a Celeb. They show a range of their products at the start and at the end of their programmes. 

Advertising - This is when a short video or poster is made to promote a product. The short video or poster says all the good things about the product so that the audience will buy it or use their products. An example of this is GoCompare. They have a really annoying singing man who fixes everyone's problems by telling them to go to the GoCompare website. They have different adverts for different kinds of insurance they sell. For example the newest one is the singer telling a cab driver to go to their website to get the best deal on his credit card. 

Product Placement - This is when businesses pay to have their products in films or on TV channels. This would make the viewer of the film or TV channel see the product then that would make them want to buy it. An example of this is the company Doritos showing their products in the film Ted. Ted eats them in front of the camera so the viewers can see it. 

Private Capital - This is when a private business or group of people buy into a channel so the can have part of the profits if the channel is doing well and making a profit. A lot of private funding goes towards University courses. An example of this is the media courses at these Universities
Corinne Schweizer, University of Zurich Manuel Puppis, University of Fribourg Matthias Künzler, Free University of Berlin Samuel Studer and University of Zurich. 

Crowd-funding - People who don't have a studio backed project or if someone doesn't want their project being changed by a studio, like the film 'Wish I was Here' by Zach Braff. People film themselves asking for money then post it on the websites and hope people send them money. He didn't want studio backing so used Kickstarter. Websites like Kickstarter, RocketHub and GoFundMe that are crowd-funding websites which are useful to use.

Development Funds - This is when a manufacturer or brand is helped to sell its products or create awareness for the brand or product.