Films have been around for not that long with the first film airing in the late 1890's. Editing only came about when the film director Edwin S. Porter's camera jammed. When the camera started working again, the bus he was filming wasn't there and a car was. This stared the jump cut.D.W.Griffiths took this idea forward and used more complicated shots and editing styles like the cross cutting and panorama shots. Lev Kuleshov invented the montage. This is condensing time, usually a few months, into a few minutes of a person or people doing various activities.
Before there was editing on the computer there was analogue editing. This is when the film had to be physically cut and spliced back together. This film first had to be sent to the dark room and made into film that could be used. Nowadays everything is digitally edited. Even if it isn't filmed digitally it will be edited digitally. Digital editing takes place on a computer using programs like Premier Pro, Imovie and Cut Pro. This is a lot easier that Analogue editing and can offer more freedom with each shot. Special effects can be added easily to Digitally edited footage.
The continuity system gives the audience a understand of the relationship between shots and why they look like they do thus creating a flowing sequence which makes sense. If this is broken then the audience gets confused and won't know whats going on.
Establishing shot - This shot is is used to shot a location. They are usually used at the beginning of a scene. There is an establishing shot at 1:33. It's not at the beginning of the scene like most establishing shots but it does show us the whole room and the fight that going on.
180 degree rule - If you imagine a invisible line splitting 2 people talking down the middle.
If the camera crosses this line then the people talking will appear on the other side and will confuse the audience. Also when a person is walking along and the camera is on one side. It must not cross over to the other side because it will then not make sense.
Shot Reverse Shot - This is when you see a character looking at something then the camera cuts to what they are looking at. Or we see something flying through the air then cutting to that same thing hitting its target.
At 1:55 we see the guy in white arm trying to hit Neo in the back. The camera cuts to Neo blocking the white guys arm.
Match cuts on action - This is when you see something happening in the shot, cutting to another angle of that same thing happening so the audience can see more than one perspective on the scene.
Motivated editing e.g. eyeline match-cut - This is when you see a character looking at a particular object then cut to the object so we see exactly what they see.
At 1:37 we see Neo looking the weapons on the wall. Then cutting straight to the weapons on the wall so we see exactly what Neo sees.
In this scene Neo is trying to kill the French man by fighting his body guards whilst Morpheus and Trinity try and catch the man with a lot of keys. You can tell Neo is the main character in the scene because he has the most screen time. Which is just less than 4 minutes out of the whole 4 minute 7 seconds scene.
Neo also has the most amount of close ups within the scene with a total of 9. We also get 4 points of view shots showing us what Neo is looking at. As this is a fight scene most of the shots are reaction shots. This means that throughout the scene Neo is reacting to the French guys threats or the Henchmens's attacks.
Shot Variation - is important within a film because it would get boring if you saw the same thing over and over again. This scene has a lot of shot variation to show different angles and views of the fights. To show how many bad guys there are and to show them shooting at Neo a wide shot was used.
Another shot used is close up. These are used to show different attacks so the audience knows exactly what happened and the reactions of these attacks.
montages - These are used to show a long period of time usually a few month over a few minutes. There's a good one in Team America , World Police. There is usually a motivational song in the background and a person getting progressively better and better at a task.
Providing and withholding information - This is when the camera purposely shows or hides objects or people on the screen. They would do this by editing the screen darker so you couldn't see the object or person. This is mostly used in horror films because not seeing something and imagining it is a lot more scary that seeing something. An example of this is in crime films or TV shows. They would show the crime but not the criminal. This is to get the audience excited and involved in the show as they try and work out who committed the crime.
Parallel editing/cross cutting - This is when two or more things are happening at the same time but in different locations. Most of the time the two goings on are linked and often end up in the same place at the same time.
Editing rhythm - This is the pace at which the scene going on. For example a action scene will be cut quickly to give more angles of the scene and make the scene go fast and more exciting. Whereas a scene where people are talking or something important is happening of screen. This would require a slower editing pace.
Construction of the 'Time' and 'Space' of the story, both diegetically and implied - This is when all the aspects of a moving media product, like the sounds images and story line comes together to create an immersive fun to watch film or TV show. It comes together to create a fascinating story that people can relate to.
Cutting to soundtrack - This is when the music and the editing are synced up so they match. For example in an a action film the punches or kicks would sync up with the beats.
Multiple point of view - This is when you see lots of different points of view of the same thing to give the viewer a sense of how big something is or how many people are looking at a particular object.
Cutaways - This is when the sequence is interrupted but showing something else. This usually follows a cut back to the original image. This would usually get rid of a jump cut.
Jump-cuts - This is an abrupt cut from one image to another. It appears to jump from one shot to another.
No comments:
Post a Comment